Copyright © Port Harcourt Journal of History & Diplomatic Studies
All Rights Reserved.
Published by the Department of History & Diplomatic Studies, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education,
Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy including recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.
Editor: Prof. Kingdom E. Orji, FHSN
Associate Editors:
Dr. (Mrs) Beatrice E. Awortu
Dr. (Mrs) Grace N. Brown
Dr. Solomon A. Ikunga
Dr. Chibuzor Nwobueze
Dr Thomas B. Michael
Port Harcourt Journal of History & Diplomatic Studies (PJHDS) is a multi- disciplinary quarterly academic publication of the Department of History & Diplomatic Studies, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. It is published quarterly.
The journal affords scholars an avenue for the cross fertilization of ideas and a vent to publish well researched intellectual discourses. The scope encompasses Historical methodology, Philosophy of History, Historiography, Contemporary World History, Diplomatic Studies, the Social Sciences and allied disciplines.
Contributors are at liberty to adopt either the APA or MLA reference style sheets. Every submission must be subjected to a peer-review mechanism. Contributors, on submission of their papers, are required to pay Five Thousand Naira (N5, 000. 00) only as assessment fee while papers accepted for publication will attract additional Fifteen Thousand Naira (15, 000. 00) only. Every correspondence should be addressed to the Editor, Prof. K. E. Orji, FHSN via orjiekekingdom@gmail.com You can access us online via www.phjhds.com
Professor Y. A. Ochefu
Department of History and International Studies, Benue State University, Makurdi
Professor O. Akinwumi
Department of History and International Studies, Nasarawa State University.
Professor Sati Fwatshak
Department of History and International Studies, University of Jos.
Professor John H. Enemugwem
Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, University of Port Harcourt.
Professor S. A. Ajayi
Department of History, University of Ibadan.
Professor Emmanuel Obuah
Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, University of Port Harcourt.
Dr. S. T. Olali
Chief Historian & Archivist, Bayelsa State.
Farouk Ibrahim Bibi-Farouk, PhD, is a Lecturer at the Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Abuja, Abuja.
Ishaka Dele, is a Lecturer at the Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Abuja, Abuja.
Obari Gomba, is a Lecturer at the Department of English Studies
University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Ibimilua, Foyeke Omoboye, is a Lecturer at the Department of Geography, College of Education, Ikere-Ekiti Ekiti State
Cyril Osilama Adamu PhD, is a Lecturer at the Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, University of Benin, Benin-City
Valentine Adetayo Inagbor, is a Lecturer at the Department of Religions
Faculty of Arts, University of Benin, Benin-City
Tam-George, Charlotte Aaron, is of the Department of Fine and Applied Arts, Faculty of Humanities, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt
J.J. Umoh, is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Fine Arts and Design
University of Port Harcourt
Nyewusira, Chituru, is a Lecturer at the Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education
Evangeline B. Giami PhD, is a Lecturer at the Department of Music
Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni Port Harcourt, Rivers State
Joseph Oke Omoro PhD, is an Associate Professor at the Federal University Otuoke, Department of Sociology &Anthropology
Balogun Morakinyo Oladimeji PhD, is a Lecturer at the Federal University Otuoke, Department of Sociology & Anthropology
Archi, Chukwumela Felix, is of the Department of Fine and Applied Arts
Faculty of Humanities, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt
Charles Ikechukwu Okoro, is a Lecturer at the Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Jude Godwins, PhD, is of Seat of Wisdom Major Seminary Owerri, Nigeria.
Elenwo Morrison PhD, is a Lecturer at the Department of Fine and Applied Arts, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, P.M.B. 5047, Port Harcourt
Christian C. Emedolu PhD, is a Lecturer at the Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Amadi-Ikpa Lemchi Lucky, is a Lecturer at the Department Of Fine and Applied Arts, Faculty of `Humanities, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni Port Harcourt
Ikaonaworio Eferebo, PhD, is a Lecturer at the Department of History & International Studies, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Onwuka, Oyibo Goddey, is of the Department Of History College Of Education, Agbor, Delta State
Ehimatie Amaechi, is of the Department Of History, College Of Education, Agbor, Delta State
Olanrewaju Aladeitan, PhD, is a Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of Abuja,
Ereke Ernest, PhD, is a Lecturer at the Department of Political Science,
Faculty of Social Science, University of Abuja
Ogbu Collins, is of the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Science, University of Abuja
Jaja Victory Tamunobelema, is of the Department Of History and Diplomatic Studies, University Of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Emmanuel Obuah, is a Professor at the Department Of History and Diplomatic Studies, University Of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Waya, Abayomi Folorunso, is a Lecturer at the Department of Economics, College of Education, Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State